demeter

Autonomous Hydroponic Intelligence

research_simulator.ipynb (14657B)


{
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "header"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Research Grade Hydroponics Simulator\n",
        "\n",
        "This notebook provides a comprehensive environment for simulating and managing a hydroponic crop system. It integrates theoretical physics, deep learning, and real-time synchronization with cloud services.\n",
        "\n",
        "**Key Features:**\n",
        "*   **Physics-Informed Core**: Combines first-principles differential equations with a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) for \"biological chaos\" modeling.\n",
        "*   **Reinforcement Learning**: Built-in Gymnasium environment for training optimal control agents using Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO).\n",
        "*   **Azure Digital Twins**: Real-time telemetry synchronization with Azure-hosted Digital Twins.\n",
        "*   **Research API**: Exposes a FastAPI server with ngrok tunneling for remote telemetry and control."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dependencies"
      },
      "source": [
        "## Setup & Dependencies"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pip_installs"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "!pip install torch azure-digitaltwins-core azure-identity Pillow numpy fastapi uvicorn nest_asyncio google-genai gymnasium stable-baselines3 pyngrok -q\n",
        "!pip install diffusers transformers accelerate torchvision -q"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "imports"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import base64\n",
        "import time\n",
        "import os\n",
        "import json\n",
        "import threading\n",
        "import uvicorn\n",
        "import nest_asyncio\n",
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "import torch\n",
        "import torch.nn as nn\n",
        "import gymnasium as gym\n",
        "from gymnasium import spaces\n",
        "from io import BytesIO\n",
        "from collections import deque\n",
        "from dataclasses import dataclass, asdict\n",
        "from fastapi import FastAPI\n",
        "from pydantic import BaseModel\n",
        "from PIL import Image\n",
        "from stable_baselines3 import PPO\n",
        "from azure.identity import DeviceCodeCredential\n",
        "from azure.digitaltwins.core import DigitalTwinsClient\n",
        "from pyngrok import ngrok\n",
        "\n",
        "nest_asyncio.apply()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Configuration\n",
        "MODEL_PATH = \"models/PPO/lettuce_brain_v1.zip\"\n",
        "HISTORY_LEN = 20\n",
        "ADT_URL = \"simulator.api.krc.digitaltwins.azure.net\"\n",
        "TWIN_ID = \"HydrophonicTank\""
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "physics_header"
      },
      "source": [
        "## 1. Physics-Informed Architecture\n",
        "\n",
        "Defining the `ResidualPhysicsNet` which captures non-linear biological effects that standard textbook equations often miss."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "physics_net"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "class ResidualPhysicsNet(nn.Module):\n",
        "    def __init__(self, state_dim=7, action_dim=4):\n",
        "        super().__init__()\n",
        "        self.net = nn.Sequential(\n",
        "            nn.Linear(state_dim + action_dim, 64),\n",
        "            nn.Tanh(),\n",
        "            nn.Linear(64, 64),\n",
        "            nn.ReLU(),\n",
        "            nn.Linear(64, state_dim)\n",
        "        )\n",
        "        with torch.no_grad():\n",
        "            self.net[-1].weight.mul_(0.01)\n",
        "\n",
        "    def forward(self, state, action):\n",
        "        x = torch.cat([state, action], dim=-1)\n",
        "        return self.net(x)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rl_header"
      },
      "source": [
        "## 2. Gymnasium Environment\n",
        "\n",
        "Standardized RL interface for training control agents."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "hydro_env"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "class HydroponicsEnv(gym.Env):\n",
        "    def __init__(self):\n",
        "        super().__init__()\n",
        "        self.high_obs = np.array([14.0, 5.0, 40.0, 50.0, 100.0, 5.0, 5000.0], dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "        self.low_obs = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0], dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "        self.observation_space = spaces.Box(low=self.low_obs, high=self.high_obs, dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "        self.action_space = spaces.Box(low=0.0, high=1.0, shape=(4,), dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "        \n",
        "        self.state = None\n",
        "        self.residual_model = ResidualPhysicsNet(7, 4)\n",
        "\n",
        "    def reset(self, seed=None, options=None):\n",
        "        super().reset(seed=seed)\n",
        "        self.state = np.array([\n",
        "            6.0 + np.random.uniform(-0.2, 0.2), # pH\n",
        "            1.5 + np.random.uniform(-0.1, 0.1), # EC\n",
        "            20.0, 24.0, 60.0, 1.0, 10.0\n",
        "        ], dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "        return self.state, {}\n",
        "\n",
        "    def _physics_prior(self, state, action):\n",
        "        ph, ec, w_temp, a_temp, hum, vpd, biomass = state\n",
        "        acid, base, nutes, fan = action\n",
        "        d_ph = (base * 0.5) - (acid * 0.5) + (0.01 * biomass / 1000)\n",
        "        uptake = 0.05 * biomass * vpd\n",
        "        d_ec = (nutes * 0.2) - (uptake / 100.0)\n",
        "        stress = np.abs(vpd - 1.0)\n",
        "        growth_rate = 0.1 * (1.0 - min(stress, 1.0))\n",
        "        d_biomass = biomass * growth_rate\n",
        "        d_temp = -1.0 * fan + 0.1 \n",
        "        d_hum = -5.0 * fan + 2.0\n",
        "        new_vpd = 0.61 * np.exp((17.27 * a_temp)/(a_temp+237.3)) * (1 - hum/100)\n",
        "        d_vpd = new_vpd - vpd\n",
        "        return np.array([d_ph, d_ec, 0, d_temp, d_hum, d_vpd, d_biomass], dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "\n",
        "    def step(self, action):\n",
        "        action = np.array(action, dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "        d_physics = self._physics_prior(self.state, action)\n",
        "        with torch.no_grad():\n",
        "            st_t = torch.tensor(self.state, dtype=torch.float32)\n",
        "            at_t = torch.tensor(action, dtype=torch.float32)\n",
        "            d_residual = self.residual_model(st_t, at_t).numpy()\n",
        "            \n",
        "        self.state += d_physics + (d_residual * 0.1)\n",
        "        self.state = np.clip(self.state, self.low_obs, self.high_obs)\n",
        "        ph, ec, _, _, _, _, biomass = self.state\n",
        "        reward = -abs(ph - 6.0) * 10.0 - abs(ec - 1.5) * 5.0 + biomass * 0.1\n",
        "        terminated = bool(ph < 4.0 or ph > 8.0)\n",
        "        return self.state, float(reward), terminated, False, {}"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "training_header"
      },
      "source": [
        "## 3. Agent Training (PPO)\n",
        "\n",
        "Train the agent using Stable Baselines3. This simulates the optimization of resource usage for growth."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "training_loop"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n",
        "    env = HydroponicsEnv()\n",
        "    os.makedirs(\"models/PPO\", exist_ok=True)\n",
        "    os.makedirs(\"logs\", exist_ok=True)\n",
        "\n",
        "    model = PPO(\"MlpPolicy\", env, verbose=1, tensorboard_log=\"logs\")\n",
        "    print(\"🤖 Training Agent...\")\n",
        "    model.learn(total_timesteps=10000)\n",
        "    \n",
        "    model.save(MODEL_PATH)\n",
        "    print(f\"💾 Model saved to: {MODEL_PATH}\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "azure_header"
      },
      "source": [
        "## 4. Cloud Integration (Azure Digital Twins)\n",
        "\n",
        "Logic for synchronizing local simulator state with a cloud-hosted Digital Twin."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "azure_sync"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "try:\n",
        "    credential = DeviceCodeCredential()\n",
        "    client = DigitalTwinsClient(ADT_URL, credential)\n",
        "    \n",
        "    def sync_to_azure(state):\n",
        "        ph, ec, water_temp, air_temp, humidity, vpd, biomass = state\n",
        "        payload = {\n",
        "            \"ph\": float(ph),\n",
        "            \"ec\": float(ec),\n",
        "            \"water_temp\": float(water_temp),\n",
        "            \"air_temp\": float(air_temp),\n",
        "            \"humidity\": float(humidity),\n",
        "            \"vpd\": float(vpd),\n",
        "            \"biomass_g\": float(biomass)\n",
        "        }\n",
        "        client.publish_telemetry(TWIN_ID, payload)\n",
        "\n",
        "    def initialize_twin_state():\n",
        "        initial_patch = [\n",
        "            {\"op\": \"add\", \"path\": \"/ph\", \"value\": 6.0},\n",
        "            {\"op\": \"add\", \"path\": \"/ec\", \"value\": 1.5},\n",
        "            {\"op\": \"add\", \"path\": \"/biomass_g\", \"value\": 10.0}\n",
        "        ]\n",
        "        client.update_digital_twin(TWIN_ID, initial_patch)\n",
        "        print(\"✅ Twin initialized!\")\n",
        "except NameError:\n",
        "    print(\"⚠️ Azure packages or identity missing. Skipping initialization.\")\n",
        "except Exception as e:\n",
        "    print(f\"⚠️ Azure error: {e}\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "api_header"
      },
      "source": [
        "## 5. Research Simulator API & Ngrok Gateway\n",
        "\n",
        "The simulation engine and FastAPI server provide a programmatic interface for remote monitoring and action."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "api_server"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "@dataclass\n",
        "class FarmStateData:\n",
        "    ph: float; ec: float; water_temp: float; air_temp: float\n",
        "    humidity: float; vpd: float; biomass_g: float; tank_volume_l: float\n",
        "\n",
        "class FarmAction(BaseModel):\n",
        "    acid_dosage_ml: float = 0.0\n",
        "    base_dosage_ml: float = 0.0\n",
        "    nutrient_dosage_ml: float = 0.0\n",
        "    fan_speed_pct: float = 0.0\n",
        "    debug_force_ph: float | None = None\n",
        "\n",
        "class DigitalTwin:\n",
        "    def __init__(self):\n",
        "        self.state = np.array([6.0, 1.5, 20.0, 24.0, 60.0, 1.0, 10.0], dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "        self.plant_health = 100.0\n",
        "        self.residual_model = ResidualPhysicsNet(7, 4)\n",
        "        self.history = {k: deque([v]*5, maxlen=HISTORY_LEN) for k,v in zip([\"ph\", \"ec\", \"water_temp\", \"air_temp\", \"humidity\", \"vpd\"], self.state[:6])}\n",
        "\n",
        "    def step(self, action: FarmAction = None):\n",
        "        if action is None: action = FarmAction()\n",
        "        u = np.array([action.acid_dosage_ml/10.0, action.base_dosage_ml/10.0, action.nutrient_dosage_ml/20.0, action.fan_speed_pct/100.0], dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "        \n",
        "        ph, ec, wt, at, hum, vpd, bio = self.state\n",
        "        d_physics = np.array([(u[1]-u[0])*0.5 + 0.001*bio, u[2]*0.2 - (0.02*bio*vpd)/100.0, 0, 0.1 - u[3]*1.5, 1.0 - u[3]*5.0, 0, 0.1*bio*(1.0-abs(vpd-1.0))], dtype=np.float32)\n",
        "        \n",
        "        with torch.no_grad():\n",
        "            nn_delta = self.residual_model(torch.tensor(self.state), torch.tensor(u)).numpy()\n",
        "        \n",
        "        self.state += d_physics + (nn_delta * 0.05)\n",
        "        self.state[0] = action.debug_force_ph if action.debug_force_ph else self.state[0]\n",
        "        self.state[3:5] = np.clip(self.state[3:5], [0, 0], [50, 100])\n",
        "        \n",
        "        for i, k in enumerate(self.history.keys()): self.history[k].append(float(self.state[i]))\n",
        "        return Image.new('RGB', (512, 512), (50, 50, 50))\n",
        "\n",
        "app = FastAPI()\n",
        "sim = DigitalTwin()\n",
        "\n",
        "@app.get(\"/simulation/state\")\n",
        "async def get_state():\n",
        "    img = sim.step()\n",
        "    buf = BytesIO(); img.save(buf, format=\"PNG\")\n",
        "    return {\"sensor_window\": {k: list(v) for k,v in sim.history.items()}, \"metadata\": {\"health\": round(float(sim.plant_health), 1), \"biomass\": round(float(sim.state[6]), 2)}, \"image\": base64.b64encode(buf.getvalue()).decode(\"utf-8\")}\n",
        "\n",
        "@app.post(\"/simulation/action\")\n",
        "async def handle_action(action: FarmAction):\n",
        "    sim.step(action)\n",
        "    try: sync_to_azure(sim.state)\n",
        "    except: pass\n",
        "    return {\"status\": \"success\", \"ph\": float(sim.state[0])}\n",
        "\n",
        "def run_api():\n",
        "    print(\"🚀 Research Simulator API Online (Port 3001)\")\n",
        "    uvicorn.run(app, host=\"0.0.0.0\", port=3001, log_level=\"error\")\n",
        "\n",
        "threading.Thread(target=run_api, daemon=True).start()\n",
        "\n",
        "# Exposed via Ngrok\n",
        "try:\n",
        "    ngrok.set_auth_token(NGROK_TOKEN)\n",
        "    public_url = ngrok.connect(3001).public_url\n",
        "    print(f\"🌍 Tunnel Ready: {public_url}\")\n",
        "except Exception as e: print(f\"⚠️ Ngrok failed: {e}\")"
      ]
    }
  ],
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